Treatment of Eczema
Eczema is a group of conditions causing inflamed, itchy, cracked, and rough skin. Atopic eczema is the most common type. Triggers include soaps, detergents, stress, and environmental allergens. It is not contagious.
Managing Eczema effectively requires a combination of medical treatment, lifestyle modification, and regular monitoring. With a structured management plan, most people with Eczema can maintain a good quality of life and prevent serious complications.
First-Line Treatment Principles
- ✓Emollient therapy: cornerstone for atopic eczema (apply at least twice daily)
- ✓Topical corticosteroids: lowest effective potency; limit facial/flexural use to mild-potency
- ✓Biologic therapy (dupilumab, tralokinumab): for moderate-severe atopic eczema inadequately controlled on topicals
- ✓Step-up psoriasis: topicals → phototherapy → systemic (methotrexate, biologics)
- ✓Allergen immunotherapy (AIT): for allergic rhinitis, bee/wasp venom allergy, selected food allergies
What to Do Now
- Learn your personal risk factors for Eczema (family history, age, lifestyle)
- Attend regular health check-ups and screening tests appropriate for your age and risk
- Track new or changing symptoms, especially those associated with Eczema
- Use our AI symptom checker to assess whether your symptoms fit an early Eczema pattern
- Discuss preventive strategies and early monitoring with your GP
- Build a personalised management plan with your GP or specialist
- Adhere consistently to prescribed medications — do not stop without medical advice
- Adopt a Eczema-appropriate diet (anti-inflammatory, low-glycaemic, or disease-specific)
Medications Used in Eczema
Benzoyl Peroxide is a topical dermatological agent used to treat skin conditions such as acne, psoriasis, eczema, or skin infections.
Calcipotriol is a topical dermatological agent used to treat skin conditions such as acne, psoriasis, eczema, or skin infections.
Tacrolimus Topical is a topical dermatological agent used to treat skin conditions such as acne, psoriasis, eczema, or skin infections.
Clindamycin Topical is a topical dermatological agent used to treat skin conditions such as acne, psoriasis, eczema, or skin infections.
Azelaic Acid is a topical dermatological agent used to treat skin conditions such as acne, psoriasis, eczema, or skin infections.
Imiquimod is a topical dermatological agent used to treat skin conditions such as acne, psoriasis, eczema, or skin infections.
Permethrin is a topical dermatological agent used to treat skin conditions such as acne, psoriasis, eczema, or skin infections.
Non-Pharmacological Management
- •Trigger identification and avoidance: house dust mite, pet dander, nickel, fragrance, food allergens
- •Regular emollient use: repair skin barrier; reduce infection and flare frequency in eczema
- •Phototherapy (NB-UVB): second-line for psoriasis, eczema, and vitiligo
- •Wet wrapping technique for severe eczema flares
- •Adrenaline auto-injector training for anaphylaxis-risk patients; medical alert identification
- •Dietary management: strict gluten-free diet for coeliac/dermatitis herpetiformis
- •Sun protection: SPF 30+ broad-spectrum for all inflammatory skin conditions
Treatment Goals
Monitoring Parameters
- ◆EASI/SCORAD: eczema severity scoring at each visit
- ◆PASI (Psoriasis Area Severity Index): baseline and at 12 weeks for biologic response assessment
- ◆Blood pressure and lipid monitoring for acitretin/ciclosporin in psoriasis
- ◆LFTs, FBC: methotrexate shared care monitoring
- ◆Skin cancer surveillance: regular full-body skin checks, especially in immunosuppressed
- ◆Patch testing for contact dermatitis: done at specialist patch test clinic
Red Flags — When to Escalate
- ⚠Any of the characteristic symptoms of Eczema — even mild — in a high-risk individual
- ⚠Progressive worsening of early warning signs over weeks
- ⚠Laboratory abnormalities (e.g., blood sugar, inflammatory markers) without full symptoms
- ⚠Unexplained weight loss, night sweats, or fatigue persisting >2 weeks
- ⚠Strong family history of Eczema combined with new relevant symptoms
- ⚠Sudden worsening of Eczema symptoms despite established treatment
Escalation Criteria
- →Anaphylaxis: IM adrenaline immediately; call emergency services; antihistamine/hydrocortisone adjuncts
- →Erythrodermic psoriasis or pustular psoriasis: urgent hospitalisation; systemic immunosuppression
- →Eczema herpeticum: antiviral (acyclovir) urgently; consider hospitalisation
- →Inadequate response to topicals in psoriasis after 8–12 weeks → phototherapy or systemic referral
Special Populations
Clinical Insights
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