Stabbing Pain: Clinical Meaning

Trigeminal Neuralgia

Trigeminal neuralgia causes sudden, severe, electric shock-like facial pain along the trigeminal nerve distribution. It is one of the most painful conditions known; carbamazepine is the first-line treatment.

Transverse Myelitis

Transverse myelitis is inflammation across both sides of the spinal cord, causing weakness, sensory changes, and bladder dysfunction below the level of inflammation. It can be idiopathic or associated with multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica.

Shingles (Herpes Zoster)

Shingles is reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (chickenpox virus) in sensory nerves, causing a painful, blistering rash in a dermatomal distribution. Post-herpetic neuralgia is a common and debilitating complication.

Cellulitis

Cellulitis is a bacterial skin infection causing redness, warmth, swelling, and tenderness of the skin and underlying tissue. Streptococcus and Staphylococcus are the most common causes; it requires prompt antibiotic treatment.

Tendinitis

Tendinitis is inflammation of a tendon, most commonly affecting the shoulder (rotator cuff), elbow (tennis/golfer's elbow), Achilles tendon, and patellar tendon. It causes localized pain worsening with activity; eccentric exercises and load management are key treatments.

Plantar Fasciitis

Plantar fasciitis is inflammation of the plantar fascia at its insertion on the heel bone, causing sharp heel pain on first steps in the morning. It is the most common cause of heel pain; stretching exercises, orthoses, and physiotherapy are first-line treatments.

Rotator Cuff Tear

Rotator cuff tears involve damage to the muscles and tendons stabilizing the shoulder, causing shoulder pain, weakness, and restricted movement. They can be acute (traumatic) or chronic (degenerative); physiotherapy or surgical repair depending on severity.