Pallor can arise from 3 documented medical conditions. Understanding the clinical context helps identify urgent causes early.
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Iron deficiency anemia is the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide, caused by inadequate dietary intake, blood loss, or malabsorption. It causes fatigue, pallor, shortness of breath, and pica; iron supplementation is the treatment.
Pernicious Anemia
Pernicious anemia is an autoimmune condition in which antibodies against intrinsic factor prevent vitamin B12 absorption, causing megaloblastic anemia and neurological complications. Intramuscular B12 injections bypass the absorption defect.
Anemia
Anemia is a condition where there are insufficient healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to body tissues. It has many causes including nutritional deficiencies, chronic disease, and blood loss.
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