Nasal Congestion: Clinical Meaning

Sinusitis

Sinusitis is inflammation of the sinuses, often following a cold or allergy. It causes facial pain, nasal congestion, thick nasal discharge, and reduced sense of smell. Acute sinusitis lasts up to 4 weeks; chronic sinusitis persists over 12 weeks.

Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever)

Allergic rhinitis is an allergic response to allergens such as pollen, dust mites, or pet dander, causing sneezing, runny nose, nasal congestion, and itchy eyes. Seasonal (hay fever) and perennial types are the main categories.

Influenza (Flu)

Influenza is a highly contagious respiratory viral illness caused by influenza A or B viruses. It spreads through respiratory droplets and causes sudden fever, severe body aches, fatigue, cough, and headache. Annual vaccination is recommended for prevention.

Chronic Sinusitis

Chronic sinusitis is sinus inflammation lasting more than 12 weeks, causing nasal congestion, facial pressure, postnasal drip, and reduced sense of smell. It is subdivided into forms with and without nasal polyps; treatment includes nasal steroids, saline irrigation, and sometimes surgery.

Viral Pharyngitis

Viral pharyngitis is throat inflammation caused by a viral infection, most commonly rhinovirus or adenovirus. It is the most frequent cause of sore throat and resolves without antibiotics.

Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's) is a rare form of vasculitis affecting small and medium vessels, primarily targeting the respiratory tract and kidneys.

Hay Fever (Allergic Rhinitis)

Hay fever (allergic rhinitis) is an allergic reaction to airborne allergens like pollen, dust mites, or pet dander. It is one of the most common allergic conditions, affecting up to 30% of the population.