Loss Of Appetite: Clinical Meaning

Gastritis

Gastritis is inflammation of the stomach lining, commonly caused by H. pylori infection, prolonged NSAID use, or excessive alcohol. It can be acute (sudden) or chronic (long-term) and may lead to peptic ulcers if untreated.

Peptic Ulcer

Peptic ulcers are open sores that develop on the inner lining of the stomach or the upper part of the small intestine. H. pylori infection and long-term NSAID use are the most common causes. They cause burning stomach pain, especially when the stomach is empty.

Depression

Depression is a common and serious mood disorder causing persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in activities. It affects how a person thinks, feels, and handles daily activities. Effective treatments include therapy and medication.

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver, most commonly caused by viral infections (Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E). It can also result from alcohol use, toxins, or autoimmune conditions. Symptoms include jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, and dark urine.

Pancreatitis

Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, which can be acute (sudden) or chronic (long-term). Gallstones and heavy alcohol use are the most common causes. It causes severe upper abdominal pain that may radiate to the back, nausea, and vomiting.

Gallstones

Gallstones are hardened deposits of digestive fluid that form in the gallbladder. They can range from sand-grain size to golf-ball size. Many are asymptomatic, but when they block a duct they cause severe 'biliary colic' pain in the upper right abdomen.

Infectious Mononucleosis (Mono)

Infectious mononucleosis, caused by Epstein-Barr virus, presents with severe fatigue, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, and splenomegaly. It primarily affects adolescents and young adults; strenuous activity must be avoided due to spleen rupture risk.

Appendicitis

Appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix causing progressive right lower quadrant abdominal pain, nausea, fever, and rebound tenderness. Perforation risk increases with delayed treatment; surgical removal (appendectomy) is standard care.

Nephrotic Syndrome

Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by massive proteinuria (>3.5g/day), hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia. Causes include minimal change disease (children), membranous nephropathy, and diabetic nephropathy; steroids and immunosuppressants are used.

Enterobiasis (Pinworm Infection)

Enterobiasis is the most common helminthic infection in temperate countries, caused by Enterobius vermicularis. It predominantly affects children and presents with intense nocturnal perianal itching. Treatment is with mebendazole or albendazole.

Taeniasis (Tapeworm Infection)

Taeniasis is intestinal infection by Taenia solium or Taenia saginata tapeworms, acquired by eating undercooked pork or beef. Symptoms include abdominal discomfort and weight loss. Neurocysticercosis (T. solium larvae in the CNS) is the most severe complication. Praziquantel is curative.

Hepatitis A

Hepatitis A is a highly contagious liver infection caused by the hepatitis A virus, transmitted through contaminated food and water. Unlike hepatitis B and C, it does not cause chronic disease.