Heavy Periods can arise from 4 documented medical conditions. Understanding the clinical context helps identify urgent causes early.
Endometrial Cancer
Endometrial cancer arises from the lining of the uterus and is the most common gynecological cancer in developed countries. Postmenopausal bleeding is the hallmark symptom; obesity and excess estrogen are major risk factors.
Uterine Fibroids
Uterine fibroids are benign smooth muscle tumors of the uterus, causing heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pressure, and urinary symptoms. They affect up to 70% of women by age 50; treatment ranges from watchful waiting to medication or surgical removal.
Adenomyosis
Adenomyosis occurs when endometrial tissue grows within the muscular wall of the uterus, causing heavy, painful periods and an enlarged uterus. It often coexists with endometriosis; hormonal therapy and hysterectomy are treatment options.
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Premenstrual syndrome encompasses physical and emotional symptoms appearing 1-2 weeks before menstruation, including mood changes, breast tenderness, bloating, and fatigue. Severe cases (PMDD) respond to SSRIs; lifestyle modifications help mild cases.
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