Facial Swelling: Clinical Meaning

Bell's Palsy

Bell's palsy is sudden, unilateral facial nerve paralysis causing drooping of one side of the face, inability to close the eye, and loss of taste. Most cases resolve within 3-6 months; corticosteroids started within 72 hours improve outcomes.

Chronic Urticaria (Chronic Hives)

Chronic urticaria is characterized by recurrent hives lasting more than 6 weeks, causing intensely itchy wheals. In most cases no specific trigger is identified (chronic spontaneous urticaria); non-sedating antihistamines are first-line treatment.

Rosacea

Rosacea is a chronic facial skin condition causing redness, visible blood vessels, and pustules on the cheeks, nose, and forehead. It is triggered by sun exposure, heat, alcohol, and spicy foods; topical metronidazole and azelaic acid are standard treatments.

Hereditary Angioedema

Hereditary angioedema is a rare genetic disorder causing recurrent episodes of severe swelling in the skin, GI tract, and airways due to C1-inhibitor deficiency. Laryngeal attacks can be fatal; specific treatments (icatibant, C1-INH concentrate) are available.