Erythema can arise from 5 documented medical conditions. Understanding the clinical context helps identify urgent causes early.
Gout
Gout is a form of inflammatory arthritis caused by elevated uric acid levels (hyperuricemia) that form crystals in joints. It causes sudden, severe attacks of pain, swelling, redness, and tenderness, most often in the big toe.
Psoriasis
Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune skin condition that causes rapid skin cell turnover, resulting in thick, red, scaly patches (plaques). It can affect any part of the body and is associated with psoriatic arthritis. Stress, infections, and certain medications can trigger flares.
Atopic Dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition causing dry, itchy, and inflamed skin. It is most common in children but can occur at any age. It is part of the 'atopic triad' along with asthma and allergic rhinitis.
Contact Dermatitis
Contact dermatitis is skin inflammation caused by direct contact with an irritant (irritant contact dermatitis) or allergen (allergic contact dermatitis), causing redness, itching, and blistering. Common allergens include nickel, latex, and fragrances; avoidance and topical steroids are treatments.
Rosacea
Rosacea is a chronic facial skin condition causing redness, visible blood vessels, and pustules on the cheeks, nose, and forehead. It is triggered by sun exposure, heat, alcohol, and spicy foods; topical metronidazole and azelaic acid are standard treatments.
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