Drowsiness can arise from 2 documented medical conditions. Understanding the clinical context helps identify urgent causes early.
Narcolepsy
Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder causing overwhelming daytime sleepiness and sudden attacks of sleep, often accompanied by cataplexy (sudden muscle weakness). It results from loss of orexin-producing neurons in the hypothalamus.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Obstructive sleep apnea involves repeated upper airway collapse during sleep, causing snoring, apneas, and daytime sleepiness. It affects over 1 billion people and is associated with hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and cognitive impairment; CPAP is the gold standard treatment.
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