Chills can arise from 4 documented medical conditions. Understanding the clinical context helps identify urgent causes early.
Seek emergency care immediately if chills is accompanied by severe or sudden onset symptoms.
Influenza (Flu)
Influenza is a highly contagious respiratory viral illness caused by influenza A or B viruses. It spreads through respiratory droplets and causes sudden fever, severe body aches, fatigue, cough, and headache. Annual vaccination is recommended for prevention.
Infective Endocarditis
Infective endocarditis is an infection of the heart valve lining by bacteria (usually Streptococcus or Staphylococcus), causing fever, heart murmur, and embolic complications. IV drug use and dental procedures are key risk factors.
Malaria
Malaria is a life-threatening parasitic disease transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes, causing cyclical fever, chills, and anemia. Plasmodium falciparum causes the most severe form; artemisinin-based combination therapy is the first-line treatment.
Sepsis
Sepsis is a life-threatening systemic response to infection causing organ dysfunction. It is identified by abnormal temperature, heart rate, breathing, and altered mental status; prompt antibiotic treatment and fluid resuscitation are essential.
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