Iron Deficiency Symptoms You Shouldn't Ignore

Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide, affecting approximately 2 billion people. It is the leading cause of anemia — insufficient red blood cells or hemoglobin to carry adequate oxygen to tissues. Women of reproductive age, pregnant women, growing children, and vegetarians are particularly at risk.

Common symptoms include: persistent fatigue and weakness disproportionate to activity level, pale skin and inner eyelids, shortness of breath on exertion, dizziness, rapid heartbeat, cold hands and feet, brittle nails, headaches, difficulty concentrating ('brain fog'), and unusual cravings for non-food items like ice, dirt, or starch (pica).

A distinctive sign of iron deficiency is koilonychia — spoon-shaped nails. Angular cheilitis (cracking at corners of the mouth) and a smooth, sore tongue (glossitis) are also associated. Restless leg syndrome is more common in iron-deficient individuals.

Diagnosis requires a blood test including serum ferritin (the most sensitive marker of iron stores — levels < 30 ng/mL suggest deficiency), hemoglobin, and complete blood count. Treatment with oral iron supplements (ferrous sulfate 200 mg three times daily) typically improves symptoms within 2–4 weeks, though stores take 3–6 months to fully replenish. Dietary sources rich in iron include red meat, legumes, fortified cereals, and leafy greens.

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