Cholesterol Explained: LDL, HDL and Triglycerides

Cholesterol travels through the blood in lipoproteins: LDL (low-density), HDL (high-density), and VLDL. Each has distinct cardiovascular implications.

LDL deposits in arterial walls forming atherosclerotic plaques. HDL removes excess cholesterol from arteries. Triglycerides also contribute to cardiovascular risk.

Target levels: LDL below 100 mg/dL (or 70 for high-risk patients), HDL above 40-50 mg/dL, triglycerides below 150 mg/dL. Statins are the most evidence-based LDL-lowering medications.

Diet and lifestyle significantly impact cholesterol: reducing saturated fats, increasing soluble fiber, regular aerobic exercise, weight management, and smoking cessation all improve lipid profiles.

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