Toxoplasmosis is caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, transmitted through cat feces, undercooked meat, or vertically to the fetus. It is usually asymptomatic in healthy individuals but can cause severe disease in immunocompromised patients and congenital infection.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detecting IgG/IgM antibodies against parasite-specific antigens — used for diagnosis, monitoring, and surveillance.
Measures binding strength of toxoplasma-specific IgG to antigens — high avidity indicates past infection (>4 months); low avidity indicates recent primary infection.
PCR amplification of parasite DNA from peripheral blood — high sensitivity for blood-borne parasites with species-level and drug resistance identification.
Magnetic resonance imaging detecting ring-enhancing lesions, cystic structures, and cerebral oedema in CNS parasitic complications.
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