CKD is progressive, irreversible loss of kidney function over months to years, classified in stages 1-5 based on GFR. Diabetes and hypertension are the leading causes; management focuses on slowing progression and managing complications.
Empagliflozin is an SGLT-2 inhibitor that lowers blood glucose by promoting urinary glucose excretion, with additional benefits for heart and kidney protection.
Dapagliflozin is an SGLT-2 inhibitor that lowers blood glucose by promoting urinary glucose excretion, with additional benefits for heart and kidney protection.
Canagliflozin is an SGLT-2 inhibitor that lowers blood glucose by promoting urinary glucose excretion, with additional benefits for heart and kidney protection.
Ertugliflozin is an SGLT-2 inhibitor that lowers blood glucose by promoting urinary glucose excretion, with additional benefits for heart and kidney protection.
Enalapril is an ACE inhibitor that lowers blood pressure, reduces cardiac workload, and provides kidney protection in hypertension, heart failure, and diabetic nephropathy.
Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor that lowers blood pressure, reduces cardiac workload, and provides kidney protection in hypertension, heart failure, and diabetic nephropathy.
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